In 1998, PHR drew international attention to the human rights violations that had occurred in the health sector of apartheid South Africa. The report, “Human Rights and Health: The Legacy of Apartheid,” co-edited with the American Association for the Advancement of Science, shows how the leadership of the health sector in South Africa subordinated ethical and human rights obligations to the racist practices and political repression of the state. The findings highlight that the leadership tolerated gross inequities in treatment resources based on race and extreme segregation in health services and, when confronted with human rights violations, professional societies sought to discredit those who protested against them.