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Responding to the COVID-19 Crisis While Protecting Asylum Seekers

March 19, 2020
Download PDF Letter here

Amnesty International USA, Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières USA, Human Rights First, Physicians for Human Rights, Refugees International, and Women’s Refugee Commission call on the Trump Administration to cease its reported plan to shut the border to people seeking asylum in the United States. Turning back men, women and children seeking refuge is not in accordance with public health guidance and will only endanger more lives and will make all of us less safe. We also call upon Congress to deny the Administration’s request for over $800 million for facilities to detain asylum seekers and immigrants in conditions that contravene the recommendations of public health experts.

Banning Asylum Seekers Endangers Lives

Many unlawful and dangerous restrictions to seeking refuge along the southern border were in place before the COVID-19 pandemic. Those restrictions have made us all less prepared and less safe. Through the Remain in Mexico policy, the administration has already sent tens of thousands of people seeking refuge to some of the most dangerous parts of Mexico, where they are currently forced to live in unsafe, unsanitary, and inhumane conditions in open-air encampments and shelters that endanger their health and safety. An even broader ban on asylum will endanger the lives of even more refugees and further jeopardize our collective public health. 

Instead, the administration must uphold U.S. refugee laws and treaties and implement measures – with the guidance and involvement of public health, refugee assistance and medical professionals – to protect public health and the health of men, women and children seeking safety here. All outbreak response measures should be based on data and known public health best practices. U.S. border officials should continue to allow people to follow the U.S. legal process to request asylum, be properly screened and referred to health facilities if necessary, as should be the case for all individuals crossing the southern border. These measures protect both the individual and the public. Asylum seekers should then be released to continue their cases in immigration court through parole or other community-based alternatives to detention. The medical literature has shown that community-based alternatives to detention support substantially better health outcomes.

The administration cannot suspend U.S. obligations to people seeking safety. A blanket ban on asylum seekers violates the U.S. government’s domestic and international legal obligations. Legal guidance issued by the UNHCR, the U.N. Refugee Agency, on asylum protections in the COVID-19 pandemic makes clear that states may not put in place measures that categorically deny people seeking protection an effective opportunity to seek asylum. 

The authority cited by the administration as justification for the ban, 42 U.S.C. § 265, does not supersede the United States’ domestic and international obligations to protect asylum-seekers. That provision allows certain measures to avoid the “introduction” of communicable diseases, but COVID-19 has already spread within all 50 states: indeed, the U.S. currently has the highest infection rate of all countries in the Americas. Furthermore, nothing in 42 U.S.C. § 265 allows the government to derogate its legal obligations under the U.S. law and treaties to asylum-seekers, which allow anyone who enters the US, whether or not at an official port of entry, to apply for asylum. 

Scientific research indicates that social distancing and home isolation are the measures most likely to limit the spread of the outbreak; there is no evidence that a ban on asylum seekers would improve public health. The Canadian government has responded to the pandemic with border policies that preserve the right to seek asylum and also protect public health through non-discriminatory screening and self-isolation measures that avoid the use of detention. The U.S. government could similarly create a public health policy at the border which upholds the right to seek asylum.  

Congress Must Deny Funding Request for CBP and ICE Detention Facilities

Our organizations are also alarmed by the administration’s March 17 request for over $800 million in additional Department of Homeland Security (DHS) funding for “quarantine facilities” to be built at the southwest border. Medical professionals advise that to prevent transmission, individuals should not be congregated in enclosed or densely populated spaces, including detention facilities or mass quarantine centers. Public health experts universally agree that limiting detention, not expanding it, is one of the most important steps authorities can take to combat the spread of COVID-19. 

Further, both Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) have an abysmal track record of protecting the most vulnerable in its care: in the first six months of this fiscal year, eight immigrants have died in ICE custody, and six children have recently died in border facilities, where CBP holds asylum seekers in dangerously overcrowded and unsafe conditions. Under no circumstances should ICE and CBP be in charge of facilities for medically vulnerable individuals. Rather, these agencies should use their more than ample funding to safely and expeditiously process and parole those in its custody to avoid potential rapid transmission of the virus in the midst of this pandemic.

Instead of resorting to tired, failed strategies of bans and jails that do nothing but stoke xenophobia and make us all less safe, the administration and Congress should follow the measures listed below: 

  • Apply to asylum seekers the same health screening processes currently used by CBP for other individuals crossing the land border – including referral to health officials for additional testing of any individuals with symptoms of illness and those who have recently traveled to high-prevalence areas – and provide them health information (in their own language) on prevention, isolation and treatment measures;
  • Parole arriving asylum seekers at ports of entry as expeditiously as possible, release other asylum seekers on recognizance or using other community-based ​alternatives to detention, and avoid holding asylum seekers in enclosed or densely populated spaces;
  • End Remain in Mexico and parole asylum seekers subjected to it – who have already been processed by CBP – into the United States, a step that would reduce the significant risks of returning asylum seekers to dangerous places where they will later be at risk of infection due to the existence of crowded encampments and shelters along the Mexico/U.S. border;
  • End the Prompt Asylum Claim Review program (PACR) and the Humanitarian Asylum Review Process (HARP), which have led to lengthy detentions in CBP custody and which block asylum seekers from legal representation; 
  • Abandon permanently plans to pressure El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala into implementing or continuing to implement the so-called Asylum Cooperative Agreements (ACAs), which curtail asylum seekers’ access to a fair process in the United States and forcibly transfer them to neighboring countries after prolonged detention in unsafe and overcrowded U.S. border facilities; 
  • Coordinate and communicate with local groups to ensure that housing and transportation can be arranged for asylum seekers upon their release; and
  • Do not provide CBP and ICE funds to create “quarantine” detention facilities that contradict the recommendation of public health experts on how to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Decisions relating to the COVID-19 pandemic should be driven by science and public health expertise. We urge Congress and the administration to urgently take the steps we have outlined above. Our organizations are prepared to discuss these recommendations in greater depth to find solutions that respect the right to seek asylum.

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